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Separation Protocol for Fecal Lactobacillus bacteria in Swine   

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摘要:微生物分离技术是根据微生物的特性和生长特点,模拟微生物的生态环境,以不同的培养基和培养条件对微生物进行分离、纯化的过程。乳酸菌是目前研究最热的益生菌之一,然而,益生菌菌株的益生功能具有宿主种的差异性和菌株特异性,菌株的鉴定对菌种与其特殊益生作用建立联系十分重要。MRS培养基中的乙酸钠和柠檬酸铵等作为选择剂,对革兰氏阴性细菌和霉菌有抑制作用,十分适于乳酸菌的生长,是分离培养乳酸菌的一种常用的培养基。本文将借鉴人类医学及哺乳动物中现有的微生物分离的技术手段与方法,以宁乡猪为范例阐述猪粪便来源乳酸菌分离技术。

关键词: , 乳酸菌, 分离培养

材料与试剂

  1. 无菌离心管 (corning)
  2. 涂布棒
  3. 接种环
  4. 培养皿
  5. 各种型号枪头
  6. MRS琼脂 (青岛海博生物技术有限公司)
  7. MRS肉汤 (青岛海博生物技术有限公司)
  8. 生理盐水
  9. 甘油 (美仑生物技术有限公司)

仪器设备

  1. 高压灭菌锅
  2. 离心机
  3. -80 °C冰箱
  4. 涡旋振荡器
  5. 恒温培养箱
  6. 组合振荡培养箱
  7. 移液器
  8. 电子天平
  9. 超净工作台

实验步骤

  1. 采集健康宁乡猪的新鲜粪便,装入50 ml无菌离心管中,放入冰盒,立即带回实验室进行细菌分离。
  2. 称取1 g粪便,装入无菌试管中,再加入9 ml的无菌生理盐水,放置于振荡器上充分震荡,使样品充分混匀,静置5 min,即为10-1的样品液。
  3. 取1 ml 10-1的样品液,用无菌生理盐水进行10倍梯度稀释。
  4. 分别取10-2-10-7稀释梯度的稀释液200 μl,涂布到MRS琼脂培养基上 (图1)。置于37 °C恒温培养箱中培养24-48 h。
  5. 待单菌落出现 (图2a),选择菌落分布较好的MRS琼脂板,从MRS琼脂板上挑取形态各异的单个菌落,在新的MRS琼脂板上进行划线,37 °C培养24 h,进行菌株的纯化。
  6. 重复纯化3-4次,直至得到纯菌落 (图2b)。
  7. 培养获得的乳酸菌,进行16S rDNA测序。并将菌液和50%的灭菌甘油等体积混匀 (1:1) 后放入-80 °C冰箱保存。


    图 1. 分离纯化过程


    图 2. 分离 (a) 和纯化 (b) 所得乳酸菌菌落

注意事项

  1. 应收集新鲜粪便制作粪便菌液。
  2. 制作粪便菌液过程中使用的设备容器都应做灭菌处理。
  3. 操作台应提前灭菌。
  4. 琼脂培养基:MRS琼脂培养基用于筛选、短期保存。
  5. 液体培养基:MRS液体培养基用于活化、扩大培养等。
  6. 试验过程中接种环、涂布棒在灼烧灭菌后,需冷却后再进行操作。

致谢

感谢中国科协青年人才托举工程 (2019-2021QNRC001) 和湖南省杰出青年基金 (2020JJ3023) 的支持。

参考文献

  1. He, T., Zhu, Y. H., Yu, J., Xia, B., Liu, X., Yang, G. Y., Su, J. H., Guo, L., Wang, M. L. and Wang, J. F. (2019). Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 reduces pathogen load and helps maintain short-chain fatty acid levels in the intestines of pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica Infantis. Vet Microbiol 230: 187-194.
  2. Kaur, M., Singh, H., Jangra, M., Kaur, L., Jaswal, P., Dureja, C., Nandanwar, H., Chaudhuri, S. R., Raje, M., Mishra, S. and Pinnaka, A. K. (2017). Lactic acid bacteria isolated from yak milk show probiotic potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101(20): 7635-7652.
  3. Jose, N. M., Bunt, C. R. and Hussain, M. A. (2015). Comparison of microbiological and probiotic characteristics of Lactobacilli isolates from dairy food products and animal rumen contents. Microorganisms 3(2): 198-212.
  4. Verdenelli, M. C., Ghelfi, F., Silvi, S., Orpianesi, C., Cecchini, C. and Cresci, A. (2009). Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from human faeces. Eur J Nutr 48(6): 355-63.
  5. Yan, F., Li, N., Yue, Y., Wang, C., Zhao, L., Evivie, S. E., Li, B. and Huo, G. (2020). Screening for potential novel probiotics with dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibiting activity for type 2 diabetes attenuation in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 10: 2855.
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Copyright: © 2021 The Authors; exclusive licensee Bio-protocol LLC.
引用格式:李云霞, 夏嗣廷, 马杰, 韩琦, 龚赛明, 尹杰. (2021). 猪粪便来源乳酸菌分离技术. // 微生物组实验手册. Bio-101: e2104029. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2104029.
How to cite: Li, Y. X., Xia, S. T., Ma, J., Han, Q., Gong, S. M., Huang, X. G. and Yin, J. (2021). Separation Protocol for Fecal Lactobacillus bacteria in Swine. // Microbiome Protocols eBook. Bio-101: e2104029. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2104029.
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