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Generation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) Using Polyacrylamide Gels

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Measuring Extracellular Proton and Anionic Fluxes in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes

Authors: Maria Teresa Portes and José A. Feijó, date: 02/05/2021, view: 192, Q&A: 0

[Abstract]

The ion-selective vibrating probe has been used to detect and quantify the magnitude and direction of transmembrane fluxes of several ions in a wide range of biological systems. Inherently non-invasive, vibrating probes have been essential to access relevant electrophysiological parameters related to apical growth and morphogenesis in pollen

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A Pulse–chase EdU Method for Detection of Cell Division Orientation in Arabidopsis and Juncus prismatocarpus Leaf Primordia

Authors: Xiaofeng Yin and Hirokazu Tsukaya, date: 01/05/2021, view: 465, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] In plants, the morphological diversity of leaves is largely determined by cell division, especially cell division orientation. Whereas cell division itself is easily monitored, the detection and quantification of cell division orientation are difficult. The few existing methods for detection and quantification of cell division orientation are ...

Gene Expression and Genome Editing Systems by Direct Delivery of Macromolecules Into Rice Egg Cells and Zygotes

Authors: Erika Toda and Takashi Okamoto, date: 07/20/2020, view: 998, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Polyethylene glycol calcium (PEG-Ca²⁺)-mediated transfection allows rapid and efficient examination to analyze diverse cellular functions of genes of interest. In plant cells, macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA and protein, are delivered into protoplasts derived from somatic tissues or calli via PEG-Ca²⁺ transfection. To ...

Visualization of Plant Cell Wall Epitopes Using Immunogold Labeling for Electron Microscopy

Author: Mateusz Majda, date: 04/05/2019, view: 3664, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Plant cell walls consist of different polysaccharides and structural proteins, which form a rigid layer located outside of the plasma membrane. The wall is also a very dynamic cell composite, which is characterized by complex polysaccharide interactions and various modifications during cell development. The visualization of cell wall components in ...

Live Confocal Imaging of Brachypodium Spikelet Meristems

Author: Devin Lee O'Connor, date: 09/20/2018, view: 3532, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Live confocal imaging of fluorescent reporters and stains in plant meristems provides valuable measurements of gene expression, protein dynamics, cell polarity, cell division, and growth. The spikelet meristem in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is well suited to live imaging because of the ease of dissection, small ...

Fabrication and Use of the Dual-Flow-RootChip for the Imaging of Arabidopsis Roots in Asymmetric Microenvironments

Authors: Claire E. Stanley, Jagriti Shrivastava, Rik Brugman, Elisa Heinzelmann, Viktoria Frajs, Andreas Bühler, Dirk van Swaay and Guido Grossmann, date: 09/20/2018, view: 5306, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] This protocol provides a detailed description of how to fabricate and use the dual-flow-RootChip (dfRootChip), a novel microfluidic platform for investigating root nutrition, root-microbe interactions and signaling and development in controlled asymmetric conditions. The dfRootChip was developed primarily to investigate how plants roots interact ...

Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana: In vitro and Semi in vivo Methods

Authors: Hugh Dickinson, Josefina Rodriguez-Enriquez and Robert Grant-Downton , date: 08/20/2018, view: 10366, Q&A: 2

[Abstract] Studies of pollen germination and post-germination development are not only essential for understanding plant reproduction but also are an excellent model system for tip-based growth. Here we describe easy, reproducible methods for germination and growth of pollen from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in artificial conditions. Our ...

A Modified Approach for Axenic Cultivation of Spores of Fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L. with High Germination Rate

Authors: Yuan Ya-Ning, Yi Shu, Jin Wan-Ting and Fang Yu-Han, date: 07/05/2018, view: 3006, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Spores are the primary way of spread and reproduction for ferns, a clade of seed-free vascular plants. However, no detailed protocol for ferns spore cultivation has been reported yet. Here we provide a modified approach for axenic cultivation of fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L., based on Cao’s and Li’s method (Cao, et al., 2010; ...

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Imaging to Determine Inflorescence Initiation and Development in Olive

Authors: Amnon Haberman, Einat Zelinger and Alon Samach, date: 10/05/2017, view: 6078, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Here we present a protocol that describes how to image the structure of the olive axillary bud meristem with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to characterize its identity and developmental stage. Briefly, the specimen is fixed with glutaraldehyde, saturated with ethanol, dried in a critical point dryer (CPD) system, dissected, coated ...

Comprehensive Methods for Leaf Geometric Morphometric Analyses

Authors: Laura L. Klein and Harlan T. Svoboda, date: 05/05/2017, view: 10864, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Leaf morphometrics are used frequently by several disciplines, including taxonomists, systematists, developmental biologists, morphologists, agronomists, and plant breeders to name just a few. Leaf shape is highly variable and can be used for identifying species or genotypes, developmental patterning within and among individuals, assessing plant ...

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