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K⁺ Release Assay and K⁺ Measurement in Oocyte Assay

Author: Hong Li, date: 11/05/2020, view: 831, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] The Xenopus oocyte is a powerful system for the exogenous expression and functional characterization of plant membrane transport proteins. Until now, a number of potassium transporters and channels have been identified in oocytes expression system by the two-electrode voltage clamp technology. It is difficult to characterize K⁺ ...

Quantification of Salivary Charged Metabolites Using Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-flight-mass Spectrometry

Authors: Masahiro Sugimoto, Sana Ota, Miku Kaneko, Ayame Enomoto and Tomoyoshi Soga, date: 10/20/2020, view: 754, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Salivary metabolomics have provided the potentials to detect both oral and systemic diseases. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) enables the identification and quantification of various charged metabolites. This method has been employed to biomarker discoveries using human saliva samples, especially for various ...

Determination of the Cellular Ion Concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using ICP-AES

Authors: Louise Thines, Anne Iserentant and Pierre Morsomme, date: 08/20/2020, view: 931, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been perceived over decades as a highly valuable model organism for the investigation of ion homeostasis. Indeed, many of the genes and biological systems that function in yeast ion homeostasis are conserved throughout unicellular eukaryotes to humans. In this context, measurement of the yeast ...

Quantitative Determination of Ca²⁺-binding to Ca²⁺-sensor Proteins by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry

Authors: Seher Abbas and Karl-Wilhelm Koch, date: 04/05/2020, view: 1748, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Diverse and complex molecular recognitions are central elements of signal transduction cascades. The strength and nature of these interaction modes can be determined by different experimental approaches. Among those, Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) offers certain advantages by providing binding constants and thermodynamic parameters from ...

Shared Pheromonal Communication of Specific Fear Between Adult Sprague Dawley Rats

Authors: Samantha J. Carew and Abhinaba Ghosh, date: 03/20/2020, view: 1131, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Rats are highly social animals, and mainly communicate with one another in two ways: through ultrasonic vocalizations and pheromones. Most research on pheromones has been dedicated those regarding sexual behavior, but more recently pheromones which signal danger to conspecifics have been identified in rodents. In fact, rats are capable of ...

Live Mitochondrial or Cytosolic Calcium Imaging Using Genetically-encoded Cameleon Indicator in Mammalian Cells

Authors: Elisa Greotti and Tullio Pozzan, date: 02/05/2020, view: 2762, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Calcium (Ca²⁺) imaging aims at investigating the dynamic changes in live cells of its concentration ([Ca²⁺]) in different pathophysiological conditions. Ca²⁺ is an ubiquitous and versatile intracellular signal that modulates a large variety of cellular functions thanks to a cell type-specific toolkit and a complex ...

Quantification of the Humidity Effect on HR by Ion Leakage Assay

Authors: Musoki Mwimba and Xinnian Dong, date: 04/05/2019, view: 2866, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] We describe a protocol to measure the contribution of humidity on cell death during the effector-triggered immunity (ETI), the plant immune response triggered by the recognition of pathogen effectors by plant resistance genes. This protocol quantifies tissue cell death by measuring ion leakage due to loss of membrane integrity during the ...

Soluble and Solid Iron Reduction Assays with Desulfitobacterium hafniense

Authors: Lucrezia Comensoli, Julien Maillard, Wafa M. Kooli, Pilar Junier and Edith Joseph, date: 09/05/2018, view: 3177, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] There is a pressing need to develop sustainable and efficient methods to protect and stabilize iron objects. To develop a conservation-restoration method for corroded iron objects, this bio-protocol presents the steps to investigate reductive dissolution of ferric iron and biogenic production of stabilizing ferrous iron minerals in the strict ...

Evaluation of Root pH Change Through Gel Containing pH-sensitive Indicator Bromocresol Purple

Authors: Aparecida L. Silva, Keini Dressano, Paulo H. O. Ceciliato, Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad and Daniel S. Moura, date: 04/05/2018, view: 5636, Q&A: 1

[Abstract] The Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) is a plant hormone peptide that inhibits proton transport causing alkalinization of the extracellular media. To detect the alkalinization response elicited by RALF peptides in root cells, Arabidopsis seedlings are carefully transferred to a gel containing the pH-sensitive indicator bromocresol ...

Quantification of Plant Cell Death by Electrolyte Leakage Assay

Authors: Noriyuki Hatsugai and Fumiaki Katagiri, date: 03/05/2018, view: 15413, Q&A: 1

[Abstract] We describe a protocol to measure the electrolyte leakage from plant tissues, resulting from loss of cell membrane integrity, which is a common definition of cell death. This simple protocol is designed to measure the electrolyte leakage from a tissue sample over a time course, so that the extent of cell death in the tissue can be monitored ...

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