Isolation of mitochondria from cultured cells using nitrogencavitation method
Buffers and solutions
1X Isolation Buffer (IB):
220 mM Mannitol, 70 mM Sucrose, 10 mM HEPES—KOH pH 7.4, 1 mM EGTA, protease inhibitors.
For 500 ml:
Dissolve 20 g of Mannitol,12 g Sucrose in 400 ml of ddH2O. Add 5 ml of 100 mM EGTA, 5 ml of 1 M HEPES—KOH, pH 7.4.
Cool at 4°C for 30 minutes. Check pH, adjust with HCl or KOH if necessary.
Bring volume up to 500 ml.
5X Isolation Buffer (IB):
1.1 M Mannitol, 350 mM Sucrose, 50 mM HEPES-‐KOH pH 7.4, 5 mM EGTA, protease inhibitors.
For 100 ml:
Dissolve 20 g of Mannitol, 12 g Sucrose in 70 ml of ddH2O (It might be necessary to heat up to waterto help dissolving the mannitol and sucrose).
Add 5 ml of 100 mM EGTA, 5 ml of 1 M HEPES—KOH, pH 7.4.
Bring volume up to 100 ml.
80%Percoll Solution (10 ml):
4 ml 5X Isolation Buffer, 16 ml Percoll
52% Percoll Solution(10 ml):
6.5 ml 80% Percoll, 3.5 ml 1X isolation buffer
21% Percoll Solution(10 ml):
2.63 ml 80% Percoll, 7.37 ml 1X isolation buffer
Isolation of crude mitochondrial fraction
- Harvest 2x108 cells in 50 ml tube by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes.
Perform all steps at 4°C from here onwards. - Discard supernatant. Wash cells once with 30 ml ice—cold PBS and pellet cells at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes.
- Discard supernatant. Resuspend cells in 30 ml of isolation buffer. Pellet cells at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. Discard supernatant.
- Resuspend cell pellet in 15 ml isolation buffer supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail, and transfer cell suspension to a Parr 40 ml nitrogen bomb.
- Pressurize chamberto 200 psi, and allow equilibration for 10 minutes on ice.
- Release cell lysate into a centrifuge tube through the release valve of the nitrogen bomb.
- Centrifuge lysate at 600 g for 5 minutesusing SS—34 rotor to remove nuclei and intact cells.
- Transfer supernatant (containing mitochondria) to a fresh centrifugetube.
- Resuspend pelletin 15 ml of isolation buffer (supplemented with protease inhibitors)and transfer resuspension to a 40 mlWheaton glass homogenizer.
- Very gently (with fluidity) dounce the pellet with a Wheaton tight glass douncer for 10 strokes.
- Transfer lysate to a fresh centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 600 g for 5 minutesat 4°C.
- Pool supernatant with that collected in step 8. Discard pellet.
- Centrifuge combined supernatant for 5 minutes at 650 g. Transfer supernatant to a fresh tube. Repeat this step until the pellet becomes hardly visible (typically 2—4 times).
- Pellet crude mitochondrial fractionat 10,000 g for 10 minutes.
Gradient purification of crude mitochondrial fraction
Resuspend crude mitochondrial fraction in 1 ml of IB until homogeneity is reached. Overlay the mitochondrial suspension onto a discontinuous Percoll gradient prepared as follows:
1.25ml 80% percoll
3.75ml 52% percoll
3.75ml 21% percoll
Centrifuge at 23200 rpm for 90 minutes at 4°C. Collect mitochondria at 21%/52% interface.
Wash mitochondria with IB and pellet mitochondria by centrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 10 minutes. Repeat this step twice.