Reagents and materials

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Dithiothreitol (DTT), glycerol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), tetrasodium salt (EDTA), and heparin sodium (from porcine intestinal) were purchased from Sangon (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (PMI-1640), trypsin and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Gibco, USA). Human bladder cancer cells (TCCSUP) and human normal hepatocyte cells (LO2) were obtained from the Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). To create and maintain an RNase-free environment, all the solutions containing RNAs were prepared by diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water. The solutions for protein purification and other protocols were prepared using ultrapure water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm).

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