4.9. Swimming and Swarming Motility Assay

The motility assay was performed following the method described by Cosa et al. [3], with slight modifications. Swimming media consisted of 1% tryptone, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.5% agar. The medium prepared for the swarming assay was composed of nutrient broth (0.8%, w/v), supplemented with glucose (3%, w/v) and agar of 0.5% (w/v). The standardized bacterium (2 µL) was spotted on agar plates containing swimming and swarming media supplemented with or without extract. Each plant extract was tested at varying concentrations (2 x MIC—¼ MIC in mg/mL) as well as guanosine (2 x MIC—¼ MIC in mg/mL). Ciprofloxacin and 1% DMSO were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The zone diameters (mm) were measured to assess swimming and swarming motility and compared to the negative and positive controls. The experiments were performed in triplicates, to obtain the mean value.