Stereotaxic injection is an invaluable tool for the creation of site-targeted lesions, injection of anatomical tracers, gene delivery by recombinant adeno-associated viruses and lentiviruses in mice and rats. Stereotaxic injection of LPS or 6-hydroxydopamine has been used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease, the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. This protocol allows the investigation of central nervous system development and disease mechanisms. This protocol has been developed and improved over the years by various researchers in Dr. Hong’s lab, especially Dr. Bin Liu.