2.3.3. Young schema questionnaire – short form (YSQ-SF)

The Persian version of the YSQ-SF consists of 75 items that participants score from 1 to 6. Higher scores reflect more significant maladaptive schemas. Adequate psychometric properties were demonstrated for the YSQ-SF, and alpha coefficients for subscales were reported from 0.71 to 0.93 with a mean of 0.83 (Glaser, Campbell, Calhoun, Bates, & Petrocelli, 2002). In this study, four maladaptive schemas were measured using this questionnaire: Emotional Deprivation, Social Isolation/ Alienation, Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, and Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline.