We defined roots present in the resource zone as overlapping and calculated the ratio of the overlapping root length to the total root length (ROR) (Eq. (1)) to evaluate the spatial distribution of roots. La is the maximum root depth, Lb is the maximum root width of two plants, and Lb′ is the seed distance between two plants (Fig. S1):
where L12 is the total root length in the overlapping resource zone (region La × Lb′) and L1 and L2 represent the total root length of each plant in the La × Lb region, respectively. ROR has values ranging from 0 to 1. When ROR is 0, the root systems are mutually exclusive, and no roots are distributed in the resource-overlapping zone; when ROR is 1, the root systems are completely intertwined.
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