2.2. Cell culture and transfection

ZOSL-1 cells were cultured in dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM; Gibco, New York, USA, C11995500BT) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, New York, USA, 10270-106) at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ incubator. The normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19 used for comparison was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC® CRL-11372™), and were cultured at 34 °C according to instructions from ATCC.

The virus suspension of mCherry were purchased from HanBio (Shanghai, China). ZOSL-1 cells were transfected with mCherry according to manufacturer's instructions. Cells were used for in vivo experiments two weeks after expansion.