The levels of the following 23 cytokines in the serum were determined using a Bio-Plex Pro™ rat cytokine 23-plex assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA): interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), MIP-3α, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), growth-regulated α protein (GRO/KC), and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted protein (RANTES).
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