Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore ETV4-associated molecular functions in breast cancer tissues was carried out by using TCGA RNA-seq data of 1104 breast cancer samples downloaded from UCSC Xena (https://xena.ucsc.edu/). The patients were ranked according to ETV4 mRNA expression and divided into 2 groups based on the median ETV4 expression. Pre-defined gene sets were acquired from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) and published studies42,69. Gene sets with a false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.25 were considered significant, as previously reported69,70.
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