2.2. Recruitment Procedure

As described elsewhere [19] the survey was conducted online through a web platform (SurveyMonkey^®) in Italy (between 27 April and 15 June 2020), Romania, and Croatia (between 3 June and 2 July 2020). Data collection was coordinated by Netforpp Europa in Italy and the associations Timisoara 2021 in Romania and Hrvatski Kulturi Dom in Croatia. The survey was conducted in a population of secondary school students as an extension of a previous project on mental health literacy, which had been conceived and implemented by Netforpp Europa, in collaboration with the Department of School Services of Rome (Italy), in several high schools in the cities of Rome and Florence in January 2020. Schools were recruited based on a previous EU funded project “Mai Più Memory against Inhumanity: People with Mental Disorders under Totalitarian Regimes in Europe”, which involved several schools in different European countries [20].

The Croatian coordinator collaborated with the Departments of Education and Schooling of the City of Rijeka and Primorsko-goranska County, which distributed the questionnaire among schools in Rijeka and its region. In order to obtain a nationwide coverage and adequate distribution of age groups, the coordinator in Romania collaborated with the “Europe Direct” network of information centers in Arad and Bucharest, the Timis Sibiu County School Inspectorates and several media partners. About half (n = 508) of the total number of 1004 responses in Romania was collected in the “Elena Ghiba Birta” National College in Arad. The other half of responses came from schools in Timișoara, Sibiu, and Resifa.

Every school was contacted 2 weeks before the survey started and the study protocol was outlined in detail to head and class teachers. In Italy, approximately 7500 students were invited to participate (response rate 12.3%). Each participant of the questionnaire remained anonymous and respondents’ IP addresses could not be disclosed. Participation was entirely voluntary and without any compensation. Participants over the age of 18 years gave their voluntary informed consent to participate in the research before taking part in the study. For students under 18 years of age, participating schools entered the questionnaire in the school’s electronic parental platform, together with a cover letter in which all the information on the study protocol and the survey’s objectives were given. Schools included in the study uploaded the questionnaire to the school electronic parental platform along with a cover letter explaining in detail the study protocol. The letter contained the purpose of the study, the study procedure, and information about data protection and privacy. The school electronic parenting platform is an electronic classroom-board that can only be accessed by parents with a personal password. Only after parental acknowledgment and consent were their children able to complete the questionnaire.