We estimated the heterozygosity levels in the genomes of 13 ancient individuals with coverages above 4.5× (Fig. 4A and table S1) as well as in the genomes of Loschbour (6.2×, European Mesolithic) and Stuttgart (9.2×, European Neolithic) (37). Heterozygosity levels were computed using ANGSD (49) on the alignment files (BAM) of the individuals as “angsd -i ${bamfile} -GL 1 -doGlf 2 -doMajorMinor 1 -sites $sites -doSaf 1 -anc $ref. -minQ 30 -minmapq 30 -noTrans 1 -out ${filebase}” and “realSFS ${filebase}.saf.idx -bootstrap 100 -P 16 > ${filebase}_est_boot.ml.”
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