For the present study, stock solutions of LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of PI3K, Echelon) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), were diluted and added to the culture medium. Based on the results of the CCK-8 assay, the final concentration of LY294002 was determined as 50 mmol/l. The control group was treated with the same amount of DMSO. After 72 h, the cells were harvested for western blotting to verify the inhibitory effect of LY294002 on PI3K.
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