The detailed protocols of analyzing NQO1 activity in osteoblasts were described elsewhere [21]. In brief, the inducer potency was quantified by the use of the NQO1 bioassay. Murine or human osteoblasts were seeded into 96-well plates (at 3.5 × 103 cells per well) and were subjected to applied treatments. The NQO1 enzyme activity was quantified in cell lysates using menadione as the substrate. Its value was always normalized to that in control osteoblasts.
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