Metabolite identification was based on the primary and secondary spectral data annotated against the self-compiled database MWDB (WuhanMetware Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and publicly available metabolite databases, including MassBank (http://www.massbank.jp/), KNApSAcK (http://kanaya.naist.jp/KNApSAcK/), HMDB (http://www.hmdb.ca/), MoToDB (http://www.ab.wur.nl/moto/), and METLIN (http://metlin.scripps.edu/index.php). Metabolite quantification was performed using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode (23). Orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to study the identified metabolites. Those with significant differences in content were set with thresholds of variable importance in projection (VIP) ≥ 1 and | Log2fold change | ≥ 1.
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