2.1. Material acquisition

All patients from which procured materials were acquired were evaluated and managed for clinical assessment and surgical resection or systematic therapy at the Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH) as patients of the Urologic Oncology Branch of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). All patient recruitment and tissue procurement and use were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Institute on either the NCI‐97‐C‐0147 or NCI‐89‐C‐0086 protocols. All patients had provided written informed consent. Relevant clinical data was acquired where possible for all patients. Peripheral blood samples were obtained when possible for DNA extraction to provide germline DNA for each patient.