2.6. Egg Quality and Embryo Morphological Assessment

RedEfish embryos were collected, staged, and incubated in standard EM. Egg traits were assessed by egg yolk diameter followed by egg volume estimated based on the volume of an ellipsoid using the equation [38,39]:

At 24 hpf and 5 dpf, RedEfish and Casper embryos were assessed for morbidity and mortality outcomes, as described [36,40]. RedEfish and Casper 5 dpf larval α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, as described with comparison to authentic standards [41].