Cell culture and viability measurements

RAW 264.7 and CT 26 cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ incubator. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted using RAW 264.7 cells in the logarithmic phase of growth that were seeded in 96-well plates at 5 × 10³ cells per well and then incubated for 24 h, after which a CCK-8 kit was used to assess cell viability. All analyses were conducted in triplicate.