A numerical rating scale (NRS) adapted from the 5 point-scale established by Rau et al. (2010) [17] and further developed by Kenward et al. (2015) [29] was used. One trained observer at the RVC and another at the TiHo conducted the observations in a non-blinded fashion before and after administering the drug. An assessment of general nausea-like behaviour was made on the 5-point scale, where 0 = no nausea and 5 = severe nausea, depending on the appearance and frequency of signs including salivation, lip licking, restlessness, vocalisation, and lethargy. A detailed assessment of each of these five prodromal clinical signs interpreted and suggestive for nausea-like behaviour was conducted for the eleven dogs, which presented at the TiHo (Table 2). The number of vomiting episodes was recorded for all dogs prior and during the study.
Numerical rating scale (NRS). NRS scoring was used for behavioural nausea assessment at time-points T0 and T2
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