Pharmacokinetic studies and human dosimetry projections

Animal experiments were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC). Bio-distribution studies for human dosimetry calculations used six-week-old female NOD/SCID mice (n = 25). Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h post-injection, with organs removed and processed as in Yang et al.⁸ Residence times for human organs, including bone marrow, heart, lungs, pancreas, spleen, brain, muscle, small intestine, liver, stomach, kidneys, and urinary bladder, were estimated from mouse bio-distribution data. Those data were used as input to Organ Level INternal Dose Assessment/EXponential Modeling (OLINDA/EXM)¹² to obtain the absorbed organ dose for ¹¹¹In and adult reference human male phantom. The residence time for the tumor was calculated assuming a tumor mass of 1 g using the same conversion from mouse to human.