Our simulation model is based on an extended DLVO13,16–19 (XDLVO) model. It relies on the seminal model for studying the aggregation of colloids. In the DLVO model, two main interaction potential are considered: the Van der Waals interaction energy13 (VdW) and the electrostatic repulsion interaction16. The XDLVO model incorporated two additional interactions: an attractive hydrophobic interaction13,17 and repulsive steric interactions13. The energy landscape was computed and the energy minimum was extracted. From the value of the minimum of energy, the percentages of bacterial populations either in singlets or in aggregates were calculated18,19 (see the Supplementary information section for more details).
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