Participants

Three hundred ninety-four Portuguese parents of students in grades 1–9 participated in our study (see Table 1 for detailed demographic information). Each parent was asked to bear in mind only one child while answering the survey, even if they had more than one eligible child. This sample is part of a larger cross-country sample previously used in Zaccoletti et al.’s (2020) study.

Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics.

Parents’ average age was 41 (SD = 5.53). Parents’ gender was unevenly distributed as we received mostly answers from mothers (n = 365). Regarding the educational level, parents reported 15 average years of instruction (school plus higher education). Concerning their work, 172 parents referred that the pandemic affected their professional situation somehow (e.g., unemployment, lay-off, remote work).

Students’ average age was 10.04 (SD = 2.52). Students’ gender distribution was balanced (n_girls = 191, n_boys = 203). As for the grade-level, 50% of the students were in grades 1–4, 34% were in grades 5–6 and 16% were in grades 7–9.