Cell autophagy was investigated using a MDC assay kit (Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd). The esophageal cancer cells were harvested and adjusted to a density of 1×106 cells/ml. The cell suspension was stained with MDC stain for 20 min at room temperature and resuspended in collection buffer according to the manufacturer's instructions. The cell suspension was dropped onto a slide, then covered with the cover slip. Cell autophagy was determined using an IX71 inverted fluorescent microscope (magnification, ×100; Olympus Corporation).
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