Fluo-4 AM is a well-known fluorescent Ca2+ indicator used for the in-cell measurement of calcium signaling. After 18 h of treatment in 96-well plates, the intracellular calcium signaling from each well containing RAW 264.7 (1 × 105 cells/well) was identified using Fluo-4 NW Calcium Assay Kits (Thermo Fisher Scientific) following the protocol of our previous study4–6. Specifically, after incubating the cells with poly I:C and/or berberine for 18 h at 37 °C, we measured the intracellular calcium level using Fluo-4 assay with a spectrofluorometer (Dynex, West Sussex, UK) with excitation and emission filters of 485 nm and 535 nm, respectively.
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