Athlete Burnout Questionnaire

The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) developed by Raedeke and Smith (2001) was used to assess the level of mental burnout of weightlifters in this study. There are 15 items organized into three dimensions in this inventory: physical and emotional exhaustion (PEE), which contains five items, e.g., “I feel extremely tired from the sport participation” and “I feel physically and emotionally worn out by sport”; reduced sense of achievement (RSA), which contains five items, e.g., “I feel successful at sports” and “It seems that no matter what I do, I don’t perform as well as I should!”; and devaluation of sports practice (DSP), which contains five items, e.g., “I am not as worried about being successful as I used to be” and “I am not as interested in sport as I used to be.” The five-point Likert-type scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always) is used. The first and 14th items are reverse-coded items. The total score of the ABQ is the sum of all 15 items. The higher the score, the higher the burnout level of the weightlifters.