The ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency were calculated as follows:
where Q is the total charge passed through the electrode, V is the volume of the electrolyte, c(NH3) is the measured ammonia concentration, F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C mol−1), A is the surface area of the working electrode, and t is the electrolysis time (3600 s).
The Faradaic efficiency of the hydrogen evolution was calculated as follows:
where v(H2) is the volume concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas from the electrochemical cell, G is the gas flow rate, p0 = 1.01 × 105 Pa, R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1, and itotal is the steady-state cell current.
The yield rate of hydrogen evolution was calculated as follows:
where Mr(H2) is the relative molecular mass of H2, e is the electron charge (1.602 × 10−19 C), and NA is Avogadro’s constant (6.02 × 1023 mol−1).
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