The spikes from Spike2 EMG data files were sorted with Offline Sorter (version 3, Plexon). The EMG amplitude (spike number) from different muscles was calculated with NeuroExplorer (Nex Technologies). To avoid stimulation artifacts, spikes from the first one or two stimulations were removed from further analysis. The number of spikes was calculated from 16 consecutive stimulations thereafter. The EMG thresholds and responses registered from 0.2 to 1.0 s were analyzed. In this animal preparation, the withdrawal reflexes evoked by innocuous stimulation were very weak compared with those evoked by noxious stimulation (Schouenborg et al., 1992; Weng and Schouenborg, 1998; Schouenborg, 2002; Zhang et al., 2020).
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