The expected heterozygosity (He), a measure of parasite genetic diversity, represents the probability of being infected by two parasites with different alleles at a given locus, was calculated using ARLEQUIN software version 3.11 [29] with the formula:
where n is the number of isolates analysed, and p represents the frequency of each different allele at a locus [29]. The He values range from 0 to 1. Values closer to 0 indicate little or no genetic diversity while values closer to 1 indicate high genetic diversity.
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