2.1. Study Participants

The study was conducted as a one-time survey by convenience sampling with a cross-sectional research design. The study was conducted with students attending five universities in four cities. The survey was conducted by researchers and researchers with research experience visiting the university. First, the professors who were lecturing at the university were asked for cooperation in this study, and then the students were informed of the purpose and procedure of the research on the questionnaire survey. Therefore, only students who agreed to voluntarily participate were asked to fill out the self-assessment writing method, and when the questionnaire response was completed, it was immediately collected at the site. Out of the total 600 respondents, 525 surveys were used in the analysis. Exclusion criteria included surveys deemed to have insincere or incomplete responses. Based on these criteria, 75 participants were excluded. Demographic information collected included sex, grade, and continuous participation in physical activity (more than 30 min at one time, perspiration level, three times a week or more, longer than six months), and physical activity levels (Table 1). This study was approved by the blinded for review in 2018 and investigated between 2019 and 2020 (approval number: 1040647-201812-HR-006). All participants provided written informed consent.

Physical characteristics of the study participants (n = 525) CDC (Centers for Disease Control).