Immunization and SHIV Challenge of Rhesus Macaques

An HIV-1 vaccine NHP study was performed as previously described (6). Briefly, 48 rhesus macaques were assigned to three arms that were balanced across multiple factors, including TRIM5 alleles, TRIMcyp positivity, sex, weight, and age ( Supplementary Figure 1A ). Animals were primed with MVA encoding HIV-1 gag-pol and env from multiple subtypes at month 0 and boosted at months 3, 6, and 12 with MVA plus adjuvanted gp145 (CO6980v0c22, subtype C) adjuvanted with either ALFA or aluminum hydroxide (alum). Control animals received MVA lacking HIV-1 inserts and ALFA adjuvant alone. At month 15 macaques were serially challenged intrarectally every other week with SHIV-1157ipd3N4 (AID40) until viremic for up to ten challenges. Immune responses to vaccination were assessed in all three arms at five pre-challenge time points, including months 0, 3, 3.5, 6.5, and 12.5, and at first and sixth challenges ( Supplementary Figure 1B ).