2.4. Liposome Characterization: Size and ζ-Potential

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to estimate size and zeta-potential distribution of the liposomal suspensions [35]. All dispersion were diluted 1:100 in 2 M glucose solution and analyzed with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano—ZS (Malvern, Oxford, UK).

An additional size characterization was performed on the unprocessed/filtered liposomes (N1), as the size distribution of the sample could not be reliably represented within the sensitivity range of the Malvern Zetasizer Nano—ZS (0.01–1 µm). A Particle Sizing System, Inc. Model 770 Accusizer (Santa Barbara, CA, USA), was used to estimate the size distribution in single-particle optical sensing. To optimize the sensitivity range of the instrument for the unknown particle size of the sample, both voltage thresholds were used, corresponding to size thresholds of 0.69 and 1.50 µm [36].