The symptom profile was investigated by administering a validated GI symptoms questionnaire, the IBS-SSS [34, 35]. IBS‐SSS is a five‐item questionnaire measuring frequency and intensity of abdominal pain, the severity of abdominal distension, dissatisfaction with bowel habits, and the interference of IBS with daily life, scoring from 0 to 500. We applied the widely used cut‐off of IBS‐SSS scores to evaluate the severity of IBS: < 175 for mild IBS, 175‐300 for moderate IBS, and > 300 for severe IBS.
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