These consists of 16 items measuring subjective feelings including: alertness, attentiveness, contentedness, calmness and happiness on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (Bond and Lader 1974). Factor analysis yields three factors: alertness, negative affect and calmness.
Items relating to negative affect within the Bond and Lader VAS were discontented, troubled, sad, antagonistic and withdrawn. Higher scores indicate increased negative affect.
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