Bond and Lader Visual Analogue Scales

OM O. Merve Mollaahmetoglu
EP Edward Palmer
EM Emily Maschauer
MN Melissa C. Nolan
TS Tobias Stevens
MC Molly Carlyle
LH Lorna Hardy
EW Edward R. Watkins
CM Celia J. A. Morgan
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These consists of 16 items measuring subjective feelings including: alertness, attentiveness, contentedness, calmness and happiness on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (Bond and Lader 1974). Factor analysis yields three factors: alertness, negative affect and calmness.

Items relating to negative affect within the Bond and Lader VAS were discontented, troubled, sad, antagonistic and withdrawn. Higher scores indicate increased negative affect.

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