Study Selection and Data Extraction

The authors (SJZ and CS) screened the titles and abstracts of all retrieved references after removing duplicates, and the full-text was retrieved for further screening. MY checked all the eligible studies and any disagreements were solved by discussion with SJZ and CS. The data extraction was conducted by RZ, MF, YNG, LY, ZYR, CS, SJZ, MY, and RXZ and validated by SJZ and MY. The extracted information recorded was authors, publication year, title, funding, randomization methods, single/multiple centers, blinding, sample size, cancer type and stage, the TCM syndrome classification, the controls, the administration, dosage, duration of herbal injection, and the outcomes.