DNA extraction and PCR

Three week-old healthy green leaves from plants of interest were collected, frozen in liquid N_2, and DNA was extracted as described [36]. The indicated genes were PCR amplified according to the manufacturer’s conditions using Titanium Taq DNA polymerase (Takara Bio, Mnt View CA), or for long range PCR Platinum Superfi DNA polymerase (In Vitrogen/Thermo Fisher Waltham MA) using primers shown in S2A and S2C Fig. FADlox RT-qPCR was performed as described on biological triplicates [31, 36].