The maintenance of mosquito colonies was carried out at the secure insectary of the MESA-ICEMR laboratory of the NIMR field station in Goa, India. The larvae were reared in plastic trays (25 × 30 × 4 cm) containing 1.5 L of reverse osmosis water, and maintained in the laboratory at 27 ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 70 ± 5% with alternating 12 h cycles of light and dark. The larvae were fed daily with a pinch of powdered Tetramin fish food (TETRA GMBH, Melle, Germany) until pupation. The pupae were collected from the trays and transferred to plastic bowls containing 200 mL of reverse osmosis water and kept inside a closed cage until the adults emerged. The adult mosquitoes were continuously fed with cotton pads soaked in 5% (w/v) glucose solution mixed with 5% (v/v) multivitamin syrup solution (Haemo-Vit, Boss Pharmacare Co. Ltd, Samut Sakhon, Thailand). A detailed protocol is presented in the supplementary information (Additional file 1: File S1).
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