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Step 8, construction of the energy landscapes

JM Juan F. Masello
AB Andres Barbosa
AK Akiko Kato
TM Thomas Mattern
RM Renata Medeiros
JS Jennifer E. Stockdale
MK Marc N. Kümmel
PB Paco Bustamante
JB Josabel Belliure
JB Jesús Benzal
RC Roger Colominas-Ciuró
JM Javier Menéndez-Blázquez
SG Sven Griep
AG Alexander Goesmann
WS William O. C. Symondson
PQ Petra Quillfeldt
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Finally, dividing TCF (7) by TBT (8), we were able to calculate the total relative cost (TRC, in J kg− 1 s− 1), which is the mass-specific total cost of foraging (diving plus commuting) relative to the energy gained. Using TRC values calculated for the grid of the marine area around the islands with the breeding colonies, we constructed the energy landscape by applying the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation in to the resulting data grid. As in our previous study [21], the IDW interpolation was chosen as 1) a large set of sample values was available, and 2) the sample data points represented the minimum and maximum values in our surface [78]. In brief, the energy landscapes here presented are based on the bathymetry of the area and the total cost of foraging (diving plus commuting) relative to the bottom time (= energy gained, in J kg− 1 s− 1), and take into account the different proportion of benthic and pelagic dives carried out by the penguins.

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