4.2. Plant Materials

Hokkai T10 seeds were obtained from the National Agricultural Research Center (Hokkaido, Japan). The seeds were soaked in 70% aqueous ethanol (v/v) for 1 min, followed by 4% NaClO for 10 min. After rinsing the seeds with sterilized water five times, they were incubated on half-strength SH solid medium (pH 5.8) in a growth chamber at 25 °C under normal white fluorescent bulbs with a flux rate of 30 μmol·s⁻¹·m⁻² and a long photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark) for 3 weeks, in preparation for hairy root induction.