Cellular injury was evaluated based on LDH activity in the test solution or culture medium using the Takara Cytotoxicity Detection Kit™ (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. To know the total cell number just before cold preservation, cells were collected in phosphate buffered saline with 0.2% Tween20 (PBS-T) by scraping and vigorous pipetting (8 wells/plate). Then, collected cells were lysed by freeze and thaw, and sonication thereafter. LDH activity in this lysate served as the internal control in each plate. All values are expressed as a percentage compared to the lysate before cold preservation, which indicates the dead cell ratio (%).
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