Engraftment of cells

All procedures for animal experiments were approved by the IACUC (#07212) at Clinical research institute, Seoul National University Hospital. Experiments were performed in accordance with NIH guidelines. We assessed whether ITSFn-cultured cells are bipotential in vivo by evaluating their fate after engraftment to three immune-deficient NOD-SCID mice (male; N=3). CN cells (1×10⁵) and SVZ-derived NSCs (1×10⁵) were transplanted four weeks after primary culture to assess their lineage potential after transplantation (1×10⁵ cells per ml) along the anterior-posterior axis into the target brain at these coordinates: from the bregma, 2 mm anteriorly, 3 mm laterally and to 5 mm depth. The cells were live-stained with DiI (Invitrogen) delivered by an infusion pump at 0.5 ml/min. The needle was left in situ for 2 min post-injection before being slowly removed. The recipients were sacrificed and fixed four weeks after transplantation.