EQ-5D-Y-5L

The EQ-5D-Y is the youth version of EQ-5D and is designed as a child-specific and age-appropriate measure of HRQoL [11]. The instrument consists of five dimensions: “mobility”, “looking after myself”, “usual activities”, “pain/discomfort”, and “feeling worried/sad/unhappy”. It has been shown to be valid and reliable in assessing HRQoL in children aged 8 to 15, but should be used with a degree of caution in healthy children and children with chronic health conditions [11, 12]. The EQ-5D-Y is short questionnaire that is responsive to changes and is generally acceptable, especially in acutely ill children. It has been used to evaluate HRQoL in children and adolescents with various diseases [13, 14]. The EQ-5D-Y-5L, a five-level version of the EQ-5D-Y, has been demonstrated to be responsive and suitable for certain diseases among the young population in precedent studies [15, 16].

The PedsQL instrument is a modular approach for measuring HRQoL in healthy children and adolescents, and those with acute and chronic health conditions. The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales contains 23 items divided into four scales: physical functioning (8 items), emotional functioning (5 items), social functioning (5 items), and school functioning (5 items). It has three summary scores including total score, physical health summary score, and psychosocial health summary score. The reliability and validity of PedsQL have been tested in a previous study [17].