1,2-Di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (chloride salt) (DOTMA), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[biotinyl (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (Biotin-PEG-DSPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol (DMG-PEG) were supplied by Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. Poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (lactide:glycolide 75:25, ester-terminated, Mw 4000–15,000), Cholesterol, linoleic acid (LA), β-mercaptoethol (βME), and 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Biotin-PEG-SH was supplied by Nanocs Inc. Oligonucleotides were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, with purity and yield confirmed by mass spectrometry and HPLC, respectively. Sequences of nucleic acid probes and ssDNAs used in experiments are given in Supplementary Table 1. Ultrapure water (EMD Millipore) was used throughout the experiment. All other reagents and solvents were of analytic grade.
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