Haploview (26) was used to identify variants in Linkage Disequilibium (LD). First, variants in VCF format were converted by vcftools (27) in the input format required by Haploview (26). Only common variants, significantly correlated with COVID19 cases, selected as described above and considered divided for chromosomes, were retained for Haploview analysis, using default parameters. Furthermore, an application of Haploview, named Tagger (28), has been used on all the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) to identify tag SNVs, i.e. SNVs which are representative of a group of SNVs in LD.
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