Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale

Problematic smartphone usage was measured by the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale,^51,52 the scale consists of 17 items. In the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, eight items (ie, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16) were revised from Young’s eight-item Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction⁵³ for screening addictive internet use. An example item is “When you’re down, you play with your cell phone to improve your mood”. Rated on a 5-point response scale (1=never,5= always), higher total scores indicate a higher tendency on problematic smartphone usage. The scale showed good reliability and validity in Chinese populations.^54,55 Current reliability: CFA results showed that the loading range of all factors was 0.53 – 0.78, with good fitting:χ²/df = 4.28, TLI = 0.91, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.055 and SRMR = 0.048. The Cronbach’s α = 0.82.