Zurich Neuromotor Assessment-2 (ZNA-2)

The ZNA-2 allows continuous measurement for the entire age range without changing the test items. Motor proficiency is assessed with 14 tasks grouped into five components: fine motor tasks (FM), pure motor tasks (PM), static balance (SB), gross motor tasks (GM), and contralateral associated movements (CAMs). The FM component entails a pegboard task, turning bolts, and stringing beads. The PM component consists of repetitive movements of fingers, hand and foot, alternating movements of hand and foot, and sequential finger movements. SB consists of standing on one leg with eyes open and with eyes closed. The GM component entails jumping sideways, a chair-rise test, and standing long jump. CAMs are scored from video recordings for 5 out of the 14 tasks. They are treated as a separate component that measures the quality of movement during the fine and pure motor tasks. CAM scores capture the frequency (i.e., during the whole movement or only part of it) and amplitude of the movement on the contralateral side of the limb being tested. Besides components, the ZNA-2 also provides a global measure of motor proficiency using a total score. The total score (TS) summarizes information collected over all five components.