Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised-Short Form (SPSI-R: S)

This questionnaire was developed by DZurilla et al. (2002) based on an earlier longer version. The 25-item short form evaluates social problem-solving attitudes and skills. Higher scores indicate better social problem-solving ability. The short form of the SPSI-R: S is one of the most relevant instruments to the theoretical approach of social problem solving (D'Zurilla and Nezu, 2010). The psychometric features of SPSI-R: S have been confirmed in the past studies (Hawkins et al., 2009; Li et al., 2016). This questionnaire showed a high level of internal consistency in the current study as well (α = 0.86). An example item is: “Before I try to solve a problem, I set a specific goal so that I know exactly what I want to accomplish.” Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all true of me) to 4 (extremely true of me). However, final scores can range between 0 and 20 (i.e., total raw scores are divided by five; DZurilla et al., 2002).