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MJ Mateusz Jagielski
MZ Michał Zieliński
JP Jacek Piątkowski
MJ Marek Jackowski
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Patients with obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable malignant biliary obstruction were qualified for the study based on clinical presentation (clinical symptoms, blood analyses, and imaging studies) and histopathological findings. Included in the study were adults (≥ 18 years) of both genders who had provided written consent to the proposed interventional treatment and in whom ERCP had either failed (i.e.,bile duct could not be catheterized despite three attempts at ERCP) or was deemed impossible due to the lack of access to the major duodenal papilla (i.e.,malignant peripapillary infiltration preventing localization of major duodenal papilla or duodenal obstruction due to advanced cancer).

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