Total RNA was obtained using an RNA extraction kit (#RN001; ESscience, Shanghai, China) and converted to cDNA according to the manufacturer's instructions (#RR036A‐1; TAKARA, Japan). The relative expressions of identified genes were performed and measured by quantitative real‐time PCR assays (ABI Q6 System, Applied Biosystems). All the genes were normalized to GAPDH, and the fold change was calculated as 2–ΔΔCT comparative thresholds. Specific primer sequences are shown in Table S1.
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